Poison Hemlock Plants
Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is a highly toxic biennial in the carrot family (Apiaceae). It has smooth, hollow stems mottled with purple, finely divided fern-like leaves, and white umbrella-shaped flower clusters (umbels). Native to Europe/North Africa/West Asia, it is invasive in many regions and infamous for its role in the death of Socrates. All parts contain potent alkaloids.
Occasions & recipients
Find flowers by occasion
Best occasions
- None (do not gift or use)
- Not suitable for any occasion
- Avoid floral arrangements
Suitable for
- No one (do not gift)
- Land management professionals
- Botany educators/students
Color taboos
- White umbels resemble some edible lookalikes—treat any white umbel with caution in the wild
- Not used in gifting; color taboos are moot given extreme toxicity
- Purple-mottled stems signal hazard rather than beauty
Card messages
At a glance
Key details
Botanical info
Taxonomy
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Distribution
Native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia; widely naturalized/invasive across North America, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of South America. Found in disturbed soils, creek banks, ditches, field margins, and waste areas.
Conservation
Not a conservation target; commonly managed as an invasive/noxious weed. Prevent spread, remove before seed set, and dispose sealed in trash per local regulations. Do not compost or burn. Follow regional guidance to protect native habitats.
Gifting & etiquette
Presentation etiquette
Do not present as a gift. If handling for identification or removal, wear gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection; avoid cutting on windy days; bag plants and seeds securely; dispose in trash per local regulations; do not compost or burn; wash tools and hands thoroughly after use.
Ideal delivery time
Never for gifting. For control/removal, act in late winter to early spring before bolting/flowering to prevent seed set.
Health & risk
Toxicity
Extremely toxic to humans and animals; all parts contain piperidine alkaloids (coniine, etc.). Symptoms after ingestion or significant exposure may include burning mouth, salivation, nausea/vomiting, trembling, muscle paralysis, slowed heart rate, respiratory failure, and death. Can be mistaken for edible lookalikes (e.g., wild carrot/Queen Anne’s lace) but has purple-mottled stems and a mousy odor. Use extreme caution; keep away from children, pets, and livestock.
Allergenicity
Pollen is not a common allergen issue, but contact can cause dermatitis; the primary risk is severe poisoning from alkaloids (e.g., coniine). Sap exposure may irritate skin; inhaling plant particles during cutting can be hazardous.
Meaning & taboos
Symbolism & color
Historically associated with execution and the death of Socrates, poison hemlock symbolizes mortality, danger, and the thin line between knowledge and misidentification. In modern contexts it serves as a stark reminder to exercise caution and respect for toxic plants.
Growing & tools
Care & gear
Growing tips
Biennial that forms a rosette the first year and bolts/flowers the second. Prefers moist, disturbed soils in full sun to partial shade; common along roadsides, riparian areas, and pastures. Produces abundant seed spread by wind/water/soil movement. Do not intentionally grow; control by removing rosettes, excavating roots, or using appropriate herbicides before flowering. Handle with protective gear.
Recommended tools
- Protective gloves
- Pruning shears
- Shovel
- Herbicide sprayer
- Heavy-duty disposal bags
Symbolizes
- Death
- Danger
- Caution
- Toxicity
- Mortality